Factors determining semen sample collection and semen quality parameters in African penguins Spheniscus demersus

Abstract Our research focuses on semen collection from 42 African penguin males, grouped by age, habituation levels, and reproductive season timing.We assess behavioral and physiological responses to dorso-abdominal massage, evaluating species-specific seminal traits using conventional and advanced methods.Positive behavioral responses corresponded

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Response to Bollig and Zelco

Abstract In this reply we discuss the comments raised by Bollig and Zelco on our Editorial on Emergency Last Aid (ELA).We focus on pin ball that ELA is a clinician-focused educational initiative specifically tailored for those working in high-acuity, high-consequence settings such as pre-hospital, emergency, Cloning Kits and critical care environme

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